Minggu, 22 Mei 2011

Kalimat Present perfect

   Present Perfect Tense

1. Budi and Agus have worked here for five years.
2. I have called you several times this week.
3. I have gained five pounds since I started my diet.
4. I have never tried to raise chickens.
5. Have you read the book yet?
6. I have seen that movie twenty times.
7. They have had three tests in the last week.
8. I have been to Bandung in the last year
9. Rina has not finished his homework yet
10. The army has attacked that city five times.


Keterangan:
Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan tindakan atau situasi yang pernah atau sudah terjadi. Kapan terjadinya tindakan atau situasi itu tidak terlalu penting.

Pola kalimat present perfect tense.

Pola I
(+) S + have/has + V3
(-) S + have/has + not + V3
(?) Have/has + S + V3

Pola II
(+) S + have/has + been + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + have/has + not + been + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Have/has + S + been + Adj/Adv/N

Has dipakai jika subjek adalah orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it).

Dalam percakapan (present perfect tense) biasanya subject dan auxiliary verb mengalami penyingkatan (contraction). Dan kadang-kadang dalam bentuk tulisan, penyingkatan ini juga dipakai.
I’ve finished my work.
She’s been sick for two days.

Singkatan ‘s setelah subjek orang ketiga dapat berarti auxiliary verbs (kata kerja bantu)have atau be. “It’s eaten” dapat berarti:
It has eaten. [present perfect tense, active voice]
It is eaten. [present tense, passive voice]
Kalo diperhatikan konteksnya, maka akan jelas auxiliary verbs yang mana yang dipakai.

Present perfect tense lebih sering dipakai di Inggris daripada di Amerika yang lebih sering menggunakan bentuk past tense.
Have you had lunch? (Inggris)
Did you have lunch? (Amerika)

direc and direct

Present tense - Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun)

1.Direct : She says to her friend, ” I have been writing “.
Indirect : She says to her friend that he has been writing. 



Command

2.Direct : He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”.
Indirect :He ordered his servant to go away at once.



 Entreaty

3.Direct : He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir”.
Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.

Prohibition

4.Direct : She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”.
Indirect : She forbade her daughter to go there.

Request

5.Direct : He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”.
Indirect : He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil.